焦點 (語言學)
焦點（縮寫為：foc）是一種語法的類別，用於確定句子的哪一部分能夠提供新的、不可推導的或對比的信息。[1]焦點與信息結構有關。對比焦點尤其是指與對話者 (語言學)的前提相反之信息編碼。[2][3][4]
相關詞條包括評論以及述位(Rheme)。[4][5][6]
參見
- 主題與評論
- 话题优先语言
- c-command
註釋
^ Halliday, M., Notes on Transitivity and Theme in English (Part 2), Journal of Linguistics 3.: 206, 1967
^ Givon, Talmy, Syntax: An Introduction Vol. II, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co., 2001
^ Lambrecht, Knud, Information Structure and Sentence Form: Topic, Focus, and the Mental Representation of Discourse Referents, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994
^ 4.04.1 Camacho, José; Rodrigo Gutiérrez-Bravo; Liliana Sánchez, Information Structure in the Languages of the Americas: Syntactic Approaches, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2010
^ Bates, Elizabeth; Brian MacWhinney, Dirven, Rene; V. Fried, 编, A functionalist approach to the acquisition of grammar, Functionalism in Linguistics (Amersterdam: John Benjamins), 1987: 209–264.
^ Mel’čuk, Igor A., Communicative Organization in Natural Language: The Semantic-Communicative Structure of Sentences, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2001
參考文獻
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- Cinque, Guglielmo (1993). 'A null theory of phrase and compound stress'. Linguistic Inquiry 24:239-267.
Neeleman, Ad and Tanya Reinhart (1998). 'Scrambling and the PF-Interface'. In The Projection of Arguments, CSLI Publications, 309-353.- Ocampo, Francisco (2003). On the notion of focus in spoken Spanish: An empirical approach. In Theory, Practice, and Acquisition, ed. by Paula Kempchinsky and Carlos-Eduardo Pineros. Sommerville: Cascadilla Press, 207-226.
- Pereltsvaig, Asya (2002). 'Topic and focus as linear notions: evidence from Russian and Italian'. Proceedings of the Conference on the Interaction between Syntax and Pragmatics at UCL.
- Szendrői, Kriszta (2004). 'Focus and the interaction between syntax and pragmatics'. Lingua 114(3), 229-254.
- Xu, Y., C. X. Xu and X. Sun (2004). 'On the temporal domain of focus'. In Proceedings of International Conference on Speech Prosody 2004, Nara, Japan: 81-84.
