唐冠螺科

















唐冠螺科

Semicassis pyrum (top).JPG
Lateral view of a shell of Semicassis pyrum

科学分类 编辑
界:
动物界 Animalia
门:
軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲:
腹足纲 Gastropoda
演化支:
新进腹足类 Caenogastropoda
目:
玉黍螺類 Littorinimorpha
总科:
鶉螺總科 Tonnoidea
科:
唐冠螺科 Cassidae

屬與種

見內文



唐冠螺科(學名:Cassidae[1]:171,亦作冠螺科,是一個腹足綱軟體動物的科,其物種為中型到大型、甚至很大型的海螺[2]。舊屬中腹足目及異腹足目,今屬玉黍螺類支序鶉螺總科[2][3]


本科現時有約60個物種,例如:万宝螺(Cypraecassis rufa)。




目录





  • 1 命名


  • 2 分佈


  • 3 型態特徵


  • 4 解剖


  • 5 食性


  • 6 分類

    • 6.1


    • 6.2 異名



  • 7 人類使用


  • 8 參考文獻


  • 9 外部連結




命名


若按唐冠螺屬的學名來命名,本科的學名應作「Cassididae」,但這樣就會跟另一種甲蟲分類龜金花蟲科
的學名Cassididae Stephens, 1831 (基於Cassida Linnaeus, 1758,金花蟲科物種,但現時已降格成為龜金花蟲亞科)相衝。所以ICZN根據Opinion 1023 (1974, Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 31: 127-129),接受了現時的學名,以避免重覆命名的出現[2]



分佈


本科物種分佈於熱帶海域及溫帶的潮間帶,水深可達100米。日間會埋在海底的沙裡,到晚上才出來活動。



型態特徵


本物種螺殼的手性均為右旋。體型通常很大。口蓋英语Operculum (gastropod)長圓形,薄而且有尖刺,能完全覆蓋其長長的殼口英语aperture (mollusc)。水管溝直或微彎。殼口外唇較厚,內裡有齒。



解剖


本科物種的外套膜很大,腹足大而且厚肉。頭部有可伸縮的長鼻,可協助捕食。眼睛在一對觸角的基部。



食性


本科物種以棘皮動物(特別是海膽)為食:冠螺科物種的頭部有長長的口器,連接兩個大大的長鼻腺,可分泌出一種含豐富硫酸的分泌液[4]。冠螺會先用其腹足夾緊海膽,然後再分泌酸液在其外殼融解出一個洞,再從這個洞伸進齒舌去刮食海膽的肉[4]



分類


在布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類 (2005年),作者依從Riedel (1995),唐冠螺科仍然被列作鶉螺科(Tonnidae Suter, 1913 (1825))之下的一個亞科(Cassinae Latreille, 1825)[3][5],直到Beu (2008)在他的著作《Revision of the deep-water Cassidae》才將本分類提升到科級層次[6][7]





本科包括下列各屬:



  • Casmaria H. Adams and A. Adams, 1853


  • 唐冠螺屬 Cassis Scopoli, 1777[7]:79


  • 万宝螺属 Cypraecassis Stutchbury, 1837


  • Dalium Dall, 1889


  • Echinophoria Sacco, 1890


  • Eucorys Beu, 2008


  • 粗皮鬘螺屬 Galeoocorys Link, 1807


  • Microsconsia Beu, 2008


  • 卵螺属 Oocorys P. Fischer, 1883


  • 鬘螺属 Phalium Link, 1807 - bonnet shells


  • Sconsia Gray, 1847


  • Semicassis Mörch, 1852


異名


以下各屬被認為是異名:



  • Bathygalea Woodring & Olsson, 1957: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890


  • Benthodolium Verrill & Smith [in Verrill], 1884: synonym of Oocorys P. Fischer, 1884


  • Bezoardica Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Phalium Link, 1807


  • Bezoardicella Habe, 1961: synonym of Phalium Link, 1807


  • Cassidaria Lamarck, 1816: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807


  • Cassidea Bruguière, 1789: synonym of Cassis Scopoli, 1777


  • Echinora Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807


  • Euspinacassis Finlay, 1926: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890


  • Galeoocorys Kuroda & Habe, 1957: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807


  • Hadroocorys Quinn, 1980: synonym of Oocorys P. Fischer, 1884


  • Morio Montfort, 1810: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807


  • Taieria Finlay & Marwick, 1937: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807

  • Trachydolium Howe, 1926: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890


  • Xenogalea Iredale, 1927: synonym of Semicassis Mörch, 1852


  • Xenophalium Iredale, 1927: synonym of Semicassis Mörch, 1852



人類使用


Some helmet shells are carved into cameos, starting in Italy in 1820.


  • The king helmet Cassis tuberosa was the first species to be made into cameos.

  • The black helmet Cassis madagascariensis, also known as Cassis cameo, has a dark brown or a claret-coloured shell layer under a yellowish outer layer. This gives it an onyx appearance and makes it one of the most useful shells for cameos.

  • The red helmet Cypraecassis rufa gives a sardonyx-like appearance because it has sard-coloured bands under its pale outer coating.

  • The horned helmet Cassis cornuta produces a white figure on an orange background. It is also used as a trumpet by native Filipinos.



參考文獻




  1. ^ 賴景陽. 台灣貝類圖鑑. 貓頭鷹出版社. 2005-10. ISBN 986-7415-58-2 (中文(繁體)‎). 



  2. ^ 2.02.12.2 Gofas, S. Cassidae. World Register of Marine Species. 2010 [2011-01-19]. 


  3. ^ 3.03.1 Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á.; Warén, A. Bouchet P.; Rocroi J.-P., 编. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology (Hackenheim, Germany / Ann Arbor, USA: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1-2): 397 pp. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997. 


  4. ^ 4.04.1 Hughes, RN; Hughes, HPI. Morphological and Behavioural Aspects of Feeding in the Cassidae (Tonnacea, Mesogastropoda). Malacologia. 1981, 20 (2): 385–402 [2017-08-13]. (原始内容存档于2012-08-29). 


  5. ^ Riedel, F. An outline of Cassoidean phylogeny (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology. 1995, 32 (4): 97–132 (英语). 


  6. ^ Beu, A.G. Recent Deep-water Cassidae of the World. A revision of Galeodea, Oocorys, Sconsia, Echinophoria and related taxa, with new genera and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda. (编) Héros, V.; Cowie, R.H.; Bouchet, P. Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 25. 2008: 269–387. 


  7. ^ 7.07.1 Dance, S. Peter. 世界貝殼圖鑑 2nd. 2008. 


  • Abbott, R.T. (1968). The Helmet Shells of the World (Cassidae) Part 1. Indo-Pacific Mollusca 2(9): 7-201

  • Kreipl K. 1997. Recent Cassidae. Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 151 p


外部連結


維基共享資源中与唐冠螺科相關的分類



  • http://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id402143/ accessed 8 January 2010

  • Checklist of Mollusca

  • ITIS

  • Steyn, D.G. & Lussi, M. 2005. Offshore Shells of Southern Africa ISBN 0-620-33607-2

  • http://www.gastropods.com/Taxon_pages/Family_CASSIDAE.shtml#CASSIDAECASSINAE


  • http://www.taxonomy.nl/Main/Classification/987895.htm[永久失效連結]


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