政治相關名詞解釋-民粹主義

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政治相關名詞解釋-民粹主義

作者：Slash│2018-11-22 03:00:33│贊助：0│人氣：26

Populism 民粹主義

A common framework for interpreting populism is known as the ideational approach: this defines populism as an ideology which presents "the people" as a morally good force against "the elite", who are perceived as corrupt and self-serving. Populists differ in how "the people" are defined, but it can be based along class, ethnic, or national lines. Populists typically present "the elite" as comprising the political, economic, cultural, and media establishment, all of which are depicted as a homogenous entity and accused of placing the interests of other groups—such as foreign countries or immigrants—above the interests of "the people".

在詮釋民粹主義時，一常見框架被認為是概念上的解釋方法: 界定民粹主義為一種意識形態，將人民呈現為相對於精英而言，一股在道德上的善的力量。而精英被視為腐敗和自私的。民粹主義者依人民如何定義而不同，然其可依據階級.民族或國家來定義。民粹主義者通常呈現菁英的構成為在政治.經濟.文化和媒體上有所成就。而所有菁英被描繪為一個同質的存在，並被指控將其他，如外國或移民的利益置於---人民---之上。

Other scholars active in the social sciences have defined the term populism in different ways. According to the popular agency definition used by some historians of United States history, populism refers to popular engagement of the population in political decision making. An approach associated with the scholar Ernesto Laclau presents populism as an emancipatory social force through which marginalised groups challenge dominant power structures. ... In popular discourse, the term has sometimes been used synonymously with demagogy, to describe politicians who present overly simplistic answers to complex questions in a highly emotional manner, or with opportunism, to characterise politicians who seek to please voters without rational consideration as to the best course of action.

其他在社會科學領域活躍的學者，給這個術語『民粹主義』下了不同的定義。根據一些美國歷史上的歷史學者常使用的媒介定義，民粹主義指的是在做政治決策時，普遍的訴諸全體人民。一個和學者Ernesto Laclau相關的解釋方法，呈現民粹主義為透過邊緣化那些挑戰主流有力結構的團體解放社會力量。在普通的對話情境中，這個術語有時被用作煽動(主義)的同義詞。去形容對於複雜的問題提供過於簡單的答案，並以充滿情緒的方式表達的政治人物;或機會主義式的方式來呈現複雜的問題，以用來描述行動的最佳過程為力求討好無理性考量的投票者的政治人物的特徵。

During the 20th century, various parties emerged in liberal democracies that were described as populist. In the 21st century, the term became increasingly popular, used in reference largely to left-wing groups in the Latin American pink tide, right-wing groups in Europe, and both right and leftist groups in the U.S. In 2017 'populism' has been chosen as the Cambridge Dictionary Word of the Year.

在20世紀之間，由自由民主派中浮現的許多政黨被形容為民粹主義者。在21世紀，這個術語變得越來越流行。大多是提及拉丁美洲的粉紅浪潮的左翼團體時候使用。在歐洲是右翼團體，在美國則是提到左右翼團體都會使用。在2017年，民粹主義(populism)被劍橋字典選為年度單字(Word of the Year)。

摘錄並譯自英文維基百科 Populism

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